Nikolova–Zimmerman (vector potential A) vs Hively (longitudinal E / scalar C).
An interactive educational toy from the SLW Hub /compare page, packaged as one offline file.
Illustrative educational model. Not a validated link budget. Noise floors, radiation resistance, 50% coil efficiency and plasma responsivity are literature-inspired parameters, not calibrated lab values. SLW claims are not settled physics.
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Dan Britton · Britton Industries (personal lab notes) · KC1CZU
| Aspect | Nikolova–Zimmerman | Hively (EED) |
|---|---|---|
| Primary emphasis | Vector potential A + momentum waves | Longitudinal E + scalar C (SLW) |
| Scaling used in toy | |A| ∝ I/r ; Idet ∝ I/r | P ∝ I², S ∝ 1/r²; briefing uses slightly slower field falloff |
| Demonstrated / claimed range | ~1.5 km experimental (1296 MHz) | Table-top copper penetration ~8 GHz (IARD 2020); long range is theoretical in the toys |
| Core references | US 8,165,531; QEX 2011; CEM-R-46 | US 9,306,527; Physics Essays 2019; IARD 2020 |
Teal = N–Z briefing SNR · Amber = Hively briefing SNR · dashed = current r (log axis, 1–500 km)
N–Z: Am = μ₀ Im / (2π k₀ r) at 1.3 GHz, R ≈ 264030 m/H, IRMS = R Am/√2
Hively (Eq. 38/B5 as corrected by the Erratum, FACT; I = peak, ASSUMPTION): S = I² Z₀ / [2 (4π r)²]; Ptotal = I² Z₀/(8π) (DERIVED); Aeff = 78.5 cm², η = 50%
At 5 A, Ptotal ≈ 375 W: a large current for a stub, which is why the toys look optimistic. Change the sliders on the previous slide; these update too.